Martina Höckner
Associate Prof.

Address:
Department of Zoology
University of Innsbruck
Technikerstr. 25
6020 Innsbruck
Austria
Room: 6/09
Phone: +43 512 507-51878
e-mail: martina.hoeckner@uibk.ac.at
Current Research
My research focusses on the effects of environmental stress on the regulation of stress-induced genes, metabolism, and immunity. We are using the earthworm as model organism, which takes over an important role in the ecosystem. Mechanisms of the stress response are analyzed on the molecular and cellular level to get insights into the way how organisms adapt in times of rapidly changing environmental conditions.
Current projects focus on
- Stress-induced epigenetic changes
- The regulation of metallothioneins, an important family of stress proteins
For more details see:
Curriculum vitae
2018 - present |
Associate Professor at the Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck |
December 2017 |
Habilitation in Zoology - Molecular responses to environmental stress in invertebrates – transcriptional regulation and molecular adaptation |
September 2012 - 2017 |
Assistant Professor at the Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck |
Jan 2011 – Aug 2012 |
Schroedinger fellowship, King’s College London Transcriptional regulation of L. rubellus Metallothionein |
July 2007 – July 2010 |
PostDoc in a FWF funded project in Reinhard Dallingers group at the Institute for Zoology, University of Innsbruck |
July 2005 – June 2007 |
Doctoral Theses at the Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck; Whole Genome Amplification from Microdissected Chromosomes for Investigation of the Parental Origin of Rare Chromosomal Rearrangements, Advisor: Prof. Dr. Gerd Utermann |
April 2004 – April 2005 |
Master Theses at the Institute for Zoology and Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Partial sequencing and analysis of the copper metallothionein gene from Helix pomatia |
Funding & Grants
2019 - present |
Co-applicant of the Lise Meitner Project "Heavy metal induced epigenetic modifications" (FWF, Bundesland Tirol, M-2262) |
2016 – 2017 |
“Epigenetic alterations and their role in earthworm acclimatization to soil metal pollution” funded by the Centre for International Cooperation and Mobility (ICM) |
2014 – 2016 | Project “Background matters - genetic and epigenetic governing of earthworm stress response toward soil pollution”, funded by the University of Innsbruck (Nachwuchsförderung) |
2014 – 2016 |
Project “Cellular localisation of metallothionein isoforms of gastropod species”, funded by the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfond (TWF, Tyrolean Science Fund) |
Jul – Oct 2013 |
Fulbright Stipendium - Environmental Proteomics Laboratory, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo |
Jan 2011 – Aug 2012 |
Schrödinger Fellowship (FWF, Austrian Science Fund) Project J3124-B12; King’s College London |
January 2007 |
Grant from the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfond (TWF, Tyrolean Science Fund) |
Publications
Contributions to Books / Journals
Journal Article (Original Paper)
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Aigner, G.P.; Nenning, P.; Fiechtner, B.; Srut, M.; Höckner, M. (2022): DNA Methylation and Detoxification in the Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris Exposed to Cadmium and the DNA Demethylation Agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine.
In: Toxics 10/2, No. 100. (DOI) (Web link) -
Gerhard P. Aigner, G.P.; Pittl, V.; Fiechtner, B.; Egger, B.; Srut, M.; Höckner, M. (2022): Common mechanisms cannot explain time- and dose-dependent DNA methylation changes in earthworms exposed to cadmium.
In: Science of the Total Environment 812, No. 151468. (DOI) (Web link) -
Srut, M.; Peer, B.; Fiechtner, B.; Egg, M.; Sandbichler, A.M.; Höckner, M. (2022): Aging Cell Culture - Genetic and Metabolic Effects of Passage Number on Zebrafish Z3 Cells.
In: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 56, pp. 50 - 65. (Full-text) (DOI) (Web link) -
Höckner, M.; Piechnik, C.A,.; Fiechtner, B.; Weinberger, B.; Tomanek, L. (2020): Cadmium-Related Effects on Cellular Immunity Comprises Altered Metabolism in Earthworm Coelomocytes.
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21/2, No. 599. (DOI) (Web link) -
Drechsel, V.; Fiechtner, B.; Höckner, M. (2019): Promoter activity of earthworm metallothionein in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
In: Molecular Biology Reports 46/6, pp. 6371 - 6379. (Full-text) (DOI) (Web link) -
Šrut, M.; Menke, S.; Höckner, M.; Sommer, S. (2019): Earthworms and cadmium - Heavy metal resistant gut bacteria as indicators for heavy metal pollution in soils?
In: ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 171, pp. 843 - 853. (DOI) (Web link) -
Drechsel, V.; Schauer, K.; Šrut, M.; Höckner, M. (2017): Regulatory plasticity of earthworm wMT-2 gene expression.
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18/6, Nr. 1113. (Full-text) (DOI) -
Piechnik, C.A.; Höckner, M.; de Souza, M.R.; Donatti, L.; Tomanek, L. (2017): Time course of lead induced proteomic changes in gill of the Antarctic limpet Nacella Concinna (Gastropoda: Patellidae).
In: Journal of Proteomics 151, pp. 145 - 161. (DOI) -
Šrut, M.; Drechsel, V.; Höckner, M. (2017): Low levels of Cd induce persisting epigenetic modifications and acclimation mechanisms in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris.
In: PLoS One 12/4, Nr. e0176047. (Full-text) (DOI) -
Höckner, Martina; Dallinger, Reinhard; Stürzenbaum, Stephen R. (2015): Metallothionein gene activation in the earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus).
In: BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 460/3, pp. 537 - 542. (DOI) (Web link) -
Höckner, M.; Spreiz, A.; Frühmesser, A.; Tzschach, A.; Dufke, A.; Rittinger, O.; Kalscheuer, V.; Singer, S.; Erdel, M.; Fauth, C.; Grossmann, V.; Utermann, G.; Zschocke, J.; Kotzot, D. (2012): Parental origin of de novo cytogenetically balanced reciprocal non-Robertsonian translocations.
In: Cytogenetic and Genome Research 136/4, pp. 242 - 245. (DOI) (Web link) -
Höckner, Martina; Stefanon, Karin; de Vaufleury, Annette; Monteiro, Freddy; Pérez-Rafael, Silvia; Palacios, Oscar; Capdevila, Mercé; Atrian, Silvia; Dallinger, Reinhard (2011): Physiological relevance and contribution to metal balance of specific and non-specific Metallothionein isoforms in the garden snail, Cantareus aspersus.
In: Biometals 24/6, pp. 1079 - 1092. (DOI) -
Palacio, Oscar; Pagani, Ayelen; Pérez-Rafael, Silvia; Egg, Margit; Höckner, Martina; Brandstätter, Anita; Capdevila, Mercé; Atrian, Silvia; Dallinger, Reinhard (2011): Shaping mechanisms of metal specificity in a family of metazoan metallothioneins: evolutionary differentiation of mollusc metallothioneins.
In: BMC Biology 9/4, pp. 1 - 20. (DOI) -
Egg, M.; Höckner, M.; Brandstätter, A.; Schuler, D.; Dallinger, R. (2009): Structural and bioinformatic analysis of the Roman snail Cd-Metallothionein gene uncovers molecular adaptation towards plasticity in coping with multifarious environmental stress.
In: Molecular Ecology 18/11, pp. 2426 - 2443. -
Höckner, M.; Stefanon, K.; Schuler, D.; Fantur, R.; de Vaufleury, A.; Dallinger, R. (2009): Coping with Cadmium Exposure in Various Ways: The Two Helicid Snails Helix pomatia and Cantareus aspersus Share the Metal Transcription Factor-2, but Differ in Promoter Organization and Transcription of Their Cd-Metallothionein Genes.
In: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 311A/10, pp. 776 - 786.
Journal Article (Review)
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Sandbichler, A.M.; Höckner, M. (2016): Cadmium Protection Strategies-A Hidden Trade-Off?
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17/1, No. 139. (DOI) (Web link) -
Dallinger, Reinhard; Höckner, Martina (2013): Evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology: tracing the genetic background of differential cadmium sensitivities in invertebrate lineages.
In: ECOTOXICOLOGY 22/5, pp. 767 - 778. (DOI) (Web link) -
Höckner, Martina; Dallinger, Reinhard; Stürzenbaum, Stephen R. (2011): Nematode and snail metallothioneins.
In: Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 16/7, pp. 1057 - 1065. (DOI) (Web link)
Journal Article (Other)
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Stürzenbaum, Stephen R.; Hoeckner, Martina; Panneerselvam, Arun; Levitt, James; Bouillard, Jean-Sebastien; Taniguchi, Shohei; Dailey, Lea Ann; Khanbeigi, Rah Ahmad; Thanou, Maya; Rosca, Elena; Suhling, Klaus; Zayats, Anatoly; Green, Mark (2013): Biosynthesis of luminescent quantum dots in an earthworm.
In: Nature Nanotechnology 8, pp. 57 - 60. (DOI) (Web link)
Journal Article (Meeting-Abstract)
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HÖCKNER, Martina; Dallinger, Reinhard; Stürzenbaum, Stephen (2012): Studying MT regulation in Lumbricus rubellus, the red earthworm, suggests novel activation mechanisms.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 163/Suppl., p. S30. (DOI) (Web link) -
Dallinger, Reinhard; Höckner, Martina; Egg, Margit; Palacios, Oscar; Capdevila, Mercé; Pagani, Ayelen; Atrian, Silvia (2010): Structural and functional differentiation of gastropod metallothioneins has been achieved by evolution of metal-specific isoform families.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 157/Supplement 1, p. S35. (DOI) -
Dallinger, Reinhard; Egg, Margit; Höckner, Martina; Schuler, Dietmar; Atrian, Silvia; Capdevila, Mercé (2009): Molecular adaptation to cope with environmental stress of terrestrial gastropod Cadmium-metallothioneins: High metal specificity at the protein level combines with multifunctionality of genes.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 154A/1 (Suppl.), p. S33. -
Höckner, Martina; Schuler, Dietmar; Stefanon, Karin; Fantur, Rainer; de Vaufleury, Annette; Dallinger, Reinhard (2009): Metal-dependent transcription of metallothionein isoform genes in the terrestrial snail Cantareus aspersus.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 154A/1 (Suppl.), p. S5. -
Höckner, Martina; Stefanon, Karin; Schuler, Dietmar; Fantur, Rainer; De Vaufleury, Annette; Dallinger, Reinhard (2009): Differing transcription patterns of Cd-metallothionein genes in two terrestrial gastropod species are related to divergences in promoter structure and function.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 154A/1 (Suppl.), p. S24. -
Schuler, Dietmar; Höckner, Martina; Prader, Angelika; Dallinger, Reinhard (2009): Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic cells as a model system for toxicological and molecular studies of stress-induced expression of metallothionein genes.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 154A/1 (Suppl.), pp. S15 - S16. -
Atrian, Silvia; Pagani, Ayleen; Capdevila, Mercé; Palacios, Oscar; Egg, Margit; Höckner, Martina; Dallinger, Reinhard (2008): Perfect adaptation to cope with metal stress and trace element homeostasis: Metal specificity is a fundamental structural feature of snail metallothioneins.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 151A/1 (Suppl.), p. 520. -
Dallinger, Reinhard; Egg, Margit; Höckner, Martina; Schuler, Dietmar (2008): Understanding the functioning of a Gene: Ability of the Cd-Metallothionein of Roman snail (Helix pomatia L.) to cope with Multiple Environmental Stress.
In: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 151A/1 (Suppl.), p. 520.
Proceedings Article (Abstract)
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Aigner, G.P.; Pittl, V.; Egger, B.; Fiechtner, B.; Srut, M.; Höckner, M. (2021): Mechanisms of time and dose dependent DNA methylation landscape changes in earthworms exposed to cadmium.
In: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Molekulare Biowissenschaften und Biotechnologie: 13th ÖGMBT Annual Meeting "From Molecular Machines to Translational Medicine". Abstract Book. September 20 - October 14, 2021. Österreichische Gesellschaft für Molekulare Biowissenschaften und Biotechnologie (ÖGMBT)., p. 136. (Web link) -
Aigner, G.P.; Pittl, V.; Egger, B.; Fiechtner, B.; Srut, M.; Höckner, M. (2021): Mechanisms of time and dose dependent DNA methylation landscape changes in earthworms exposed to cadmium.
In: Society for Experimental Biology: SEB 2021 Virtual Conference 2021.Abstract Book. 29 June - 8 July 2021. London: The Society for Experimental Biology., pp. 150 - 151. (Web link) -
DALLINGER, Reinhard; HÖCKNER, Martina (2012): How evolutionary concepts may enhance exotoxicology: tracing the genetic background of differential cadmium sensitivities in invertebrates.
In: 6th SETAC World Congress. Extended Abstracts. Brussels: SETAC Europe., Vol. Extended Abstracts "Ecotoxicology" Part 1, pp. 131 - 132. (Web link)
Lectures
Presentations at Conferences, Symposia, etc.
Conference Lecture (Upon Registration)
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Lecturer(s): Aigner, G.P. Co-author(s): Pittl, V.; Egger, B.; Srut, M.; Fiechtner, B.; Höckner, M.: Mechanisms of time and dose dependent DNA methylation landscape changes in earthworms exposed to cadmium.
13th ÖGMBT Annual Meeting "From molecular machines to translational medicine”, Wien (online), 2021-09-28. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Aigner, G. P. Co-author(s): Pittl, V.; Fiechtner, B.; Egger, B.; Srut, M.; Höckner, M.: Mechanisms of time and dose dependent DNA methylation landscape changes in earthworms exposed to cadmium.
SEB 2021 Annual Conference, Lancaster, 2021-07-07. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Drechsel, V. Co-author(s): Höckner, M.: Activation of earthworm metallothionein in a cell culture system.
SEB (Society for Experimental Biology) Florence 2018, Florenz, 2018-07-05. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Höckner, M. Co-author(s): Drechsel, V.; Srut, M.; Schuster, M.: Coping strategies in earthworms to low levels of Cadmium.
30th ESCPB Congress, Barcelona, 2016-09-06. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Srut, M. Co-author(s): Drechsel, V.; Niloofar, N.; Salvatore, M.; Höckner, M.: Epigenetic alterations in heavy metal stressed earthworms.
30th ESCPB Congress, Barcelona, 2016-09-05. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Höckner, M. Co-author(s): Schauer, K.; Drechsel, V.; Srut, M.; Dallinger, R.; Stürzenbaum, S.: Stress induced Metallothionein transcription and regulation in earthworms.
SEB (Society for Experimental Biology) Prague 2015, Prag, 2015-06-30. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Höckner, M. Co-author(s): Zuzow, M.J.; Tomanek, L.: Proteomic response of L. rubellus, the red earthworm, to metal stress under different soil temperatures.
SETAC Europe 24th Annual Meeting, Basel, 2014-05-14. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Höckner, M. Co-author(s): Dallinger, R.; Stürzenbaum, S.: Studying MT regulation in L. rubellus, the red earthworm, suggests novel activation mechanisms.
28th ESCPB Congress of the New European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Bilbao, 2012-09-04. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Atrian, Silvia Co-author(s): Pagani, Ayleen; Capdevila, Mercé; Palacios, Oscar; Egg, Margit; Höckner, Margit; Dallinger, Reinhard: Evolutionary diversification of snail metallothioneins is driven by extreme metal specificity of isoforms combined with cell-specific expression.
5th Annual Meeting of the Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Igls, 2008-09-26. -
Lecturer(s): EGG, M.; HÖCKNER, M.; DALLINGER, R.: Vom Protein zum Gen – das Biomarker-Potential der Metallothionein-Antwort in der Weinbergschnecke und dessen ökologische Relevanz.
10. SETAC GLB – Meeting, Basel, 2005-09-29.
Poster Presentation
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Lecturer(s): Drechsel, V. Co-author(s): Höckner, M.: Activation of Metallothionein in MTF1 -/- cells.
Life Science PhD Meeting Innsbruck 2018, Innsbruck, 2018-04-05. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Drechsel, V. Co-author(s): Schauer, K.; Srut, M.; Höckner, M.: Molecular stress response in Lumbricus terrestris.
The Society for Experimental Biology Annual Meeting (SEB Gothenburg 2017), Göteborg, 2017-07-05. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Drechsel, V. Co-author(s): Srut, M.; Höckner, M.: Molecular stress response in Lumbricus terrestris.
Life Science PhD Meeting Innsbruck 2017, Innsbruck, 2017-04-18. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Srut, Maja Co-author(s): Drechsel, V.; Höckner, M.: Epigenetic signatures as sensitive tool in soil ecotoxicology: alterations and relation to biomarker response in heavy metal stressed earthworms.
SETAC/iEOS Joint Focused Topic Meeting Omics and Epigenetics, Ghent / Gent, 2016-09-12. (Web link) -
Lecturer(s): Dallinger, Reinhard; Höckner, Martina; Schuler, Dietmar; Egg, Margit; Atrian, Silvia; Capdevial, Mercé: Understanding multifunctionality of terrestrial gastropod Cadmium-Metallothioneins: High metal specificity of expressed protein is complemented by response plasticity at the gene level.
1st Life Science Meeting, Igls, 2009-09-18. -
Lecturer(s): Höckner, Martina; Schuler, Dietmar; Stefanon, Karin; Fantur, Rainer; de Vaufleury, Annette; Dallinger, Reinhard: A quantitative study based on Real-time detection PCR reveals specific expression patterns and metal-dependent upregulation of Metallothionein genes in the brown garden snail (Cantareus aspersus).
1st Life Science Meeting, Igls, 2009-09-18. -
Lecturer(s): Schuler, Dietmar; Höckner, Martina; Prader, Angelika; Dallinger, Reinhard: Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic cells as a model system for analysis of metal-induced stress and metal-dependent expression of invertebrate Metallothionein genes.
1st Life Science Meeting, Igls, 2009-09-18. -
Lecturer(s): Egg, Margit; Höckner, Martina; Brandstätter, Anita; Schuler, Dietmar; Dallinger, Reinhard: Plasticity in coping with multifarious Environmental Stress by Roman Snail Populations is linked to the structure and responsiveness of the Cd-Metallothionein Gene: a bioinformatic analysis.
5th Annual Meeting of the Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Igls, 2008-09-26. -
Lecturer(s): Stefanon, Karin; Höckner, Martina; Schuler, Dietmar; Fantur, Rainer; de Vaufleury, Annette; Dallinger, Reinhard: Metal-specific expression of Metallothionein isoform genes of the brown garden snail (Cornu aspersum): a quantitative study based on Real-Time detection PCR.
5th Annual Meeting of the Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Igls, 2008-09-26. -
Lecturer(s): DALLINGER, R.; EGG, M.; HÖCKNER, M.; SCHULER, D.: The Cd-Metallothionein of the Roman snail Helix pomatia: Specific adaptation of a gene to cope with multifarious environmental stress.
4th Annual Meeting of the Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Igls, 2007-09-29. -
Lecturer(s): EGG, M.; HÖCKNER, M.; DALLINGER, R.: The Cd-metallothionein gene of Helix pomatia: An evolutionary key to the understanding of complex stress response?
2nd Annual Meeting of the Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Vill, 2005-09-30. -
Lecturer(s): Egg, Margit; Höckner, Martina; Dallinger, Reinhard: Analysis of gene control regions of Cd- and Cu-metallothionein isoforms from Helix pomatia reveal remarkable structural features suggesting complex regulatory functions.
1st Annual Meeting of the Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Vill, 2004-10-01.
Guest Lectures
Guest Lecture
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Lecturer(s): Egg, M.; Höckner, M.; Dallinger, R.: The Cd-Metallothionein gene of Helix pomatia: a prime example for gene functioning?
Universität Zürich, Zürich, 2005-12-01.
Presentations for the general public
Public Lecture
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Höckner, M.; Piechnik, C.A.; Aigner, G.P.: Wie schützt sich der Regenwurm im Boden vor schädlichen Substanzen bzw. Erregern?
Lange Nacht der Forschung, Innsbruck, 2022-05-20. (Web link)
Projects, scholarships and other third-party funds
Research Projects
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Höckner, Martina: Regenwurm MTs in Stressantwort und angeborenem Immunsystem.
Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF), Einzelprojekt
2021-01-01 - 2023-12-31 -
Srut, Maja; Höckner, Martina: Heavy metal induced epigenetic modifications.
Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF), Lise-Meitner-Programm für ForscherInnen aus dem Ausland
2019-05-08 - 2024-05-07 -
Höckner, Martina: Grasfroschmonitoring im Fotschertal.
Österreichische Bundesforste AG
2016-05-01 - 2022-07-31 -
Höckner, Martina: Genetik und Epigenetik von Regenwürmern in Cd-belasteten Böden.
Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck - Vizerektorat für Forschung, Nachwuchsfördermittel aus der Nachwuchsförderung der LFU
2015-01-01 - 2015-12-31 -
Höckner, Martina: Cellular localization and detection of protein levels of MT isoforms in three gastropod species in control and stress exposed samples.
Tiroler Wissenschaftsförderung (TWF)
2014-07-01 - 2016-06-30
Scholarships
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Höckner, Martina: Application of proteomics to study the response to different environmental stressors in the sentinel organism L. rubellus.
Council for International Exchange of Scholars - Fulbright Commission, Fulbright Stipendium
2013-07-01 - 2013-10-31 -
Höckner, Martina: Basal and metal induced transcriptional regulation of L. rubellus Metallothionein.
Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Auslandsstipendium
2011-02-01 - 2012-08-31
Academic Activities and Achievements
Doctoral Theses / Postdoctoral Qualifications
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Höckner, Martina: Verleihung der Lehrbefugnis für das Fach "Zoologie" (2018). (Web link)
Supervision of Student Theses
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Höckner, Martina; Hinterleitner, Silvia: Schauer, Karl Joseph: wMT2 Genexpression nach Cadmium Belastung in Lumbricus terrestris und wissenschaftliches Arbeiten als Kompetenz in Bezug auf die vorwissenschaftliche Arbeit (2014 - 2016).