Interlocking Structures : reverse engineering nature
Jan Kaltenbach
Supervisor: Univ.Prof. Günther H. Filz
ended 2026
Abstract. Evolution offers millions of years of knowledge for constructing structures that are both lightweight and stable. As architects, we should utilize this knowledge while simultaneously sharpening our powers of observation for detail. We live in a world where we have rationalized everything. But it is time to return to nature's master builders and adopt not only their systems but also, where appropriate, their aesthetics.
This theoretical work will explore self-interlocking structures. An interlock, or interlocking, can generally be defined as the connection of several individual components to form a complete complex. In architecture, this can mean, for example, that a structure is composed of several similar components. A particular focus is placed on nacre, the innermost layer of the shell. Due to its microstructure, this material is extremely resistant yet still allows for a certain degree of flexibility. Nacre consists of tiny, semi-hexagonal platelets, which, due to their growth, exhibit a certain irregularity or roughness. This roughness, which creates an interlocking effect along with several other factors, is what enables this natural material to function so effectively.
Methodology: The functional principles of nacre was being intensively analyzed and evaluated. This is done using SEM scans, and a general analysis of the material's geometric complexity. This process results in a kind of "toolbox" encompassing various aspects of the nacre system. Based on these findings, implications for possibilities and applications in architecture are being explored.