Slow thermalization from weak integrability breaking

An integrable system, in contrast with a generic ergodic system, has many conserved quantities that constrain its time evolution. When a small perturbation breaks these conservation laws, it is expected to eventually reach thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, we find that the time to reach equilibrium can be significantly longer than expected in many systems of interest.

picture of Slow thermalization from integrability breaking

References:

  • Weak integrability breaking perturbations of integrable models
    Federica M. Surace, Olexei Motrunich
    Phys. Rev. Research 5, 043019 (2023)

  • Robustness and eventual slow decay of bound states of interacting microwave photons in the Google Quantum AI experiment
    Federica M. Surace, Olexei Motrunich
    PRX Quantum 5, 010317 (2024)

  • Finite-size generators for weak integrability breaking perturbations in the Heisenberg chain
    Sara Vanovac, Federica M. Surace, Olexei Motrunich
    Phys. Rev. B 110, 144309 (2024)

  • Quasiconservation laws and suppressed transport in weakly interacting localized models
    Jessica K. Jiang, Federica M. Surace, Olexei I. Motrunich
    Phys. Rev. B 112, 184201 (2025)

  • Weak integrability breaking perturbations in classical integrable models on the lattice
    Sara Vanovac, Catherine McCarthy, Federica M. Surace, Olexei Motrunich
    arXiv:2603.11712 (2026)

  • Charge Transport Capacity as a Probe of Resonances in Models of Many-Body Localization
    Jessica K. Jiang, Federica M. Surace, Olexei I. Motrunich
    arXiv:2604.18710 (2026)

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