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Willi Salvenmoser
Head of the electron microscopy facility
Current Research
Stem cells and regeneration
Platyhelminths and acoels possess a possibly totipotent stem cell system. This stem cell pool continuously gives rise to all cells of the various tissues. Thus a dynamic cell homoeostasis and a high regeneration capacity occur in these animals. Ultrastructural features of stem cells during cell cycle and differentiation as well as the localisation of stem cell-specific markers with immunogold methods are the main topics of my recent research. Another important point is the microscopic analysis of cells and organs in particular during regeneration and tissue repair.
Energy Filter Electron Microscopy
The omega filter of the Zeiss LIBRA 120 allows measurement and imaging of inelastically scattered electrons and therefore the analysis of elements by EELS and ESI methods.
Cooperation
- Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde
- Biozentrum Innsbruck, Department für Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Sozialmedizin
- Biozentrum Innsbruck, Department für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie
![]() Striated musculature with nucleus (Mouse) |
![]() Peripheral nerve with myelin sheat (Mouse) |
![]() Pharynx Macrostomum lignano (Macrostomorpha) |
![]() Epidermis Isodiametra pulchra (Acoelomorpha) |
Publications 2009
Contributions to Scientific Journals and Books
Journal Articles (Original Paper)
- Aanstad, Pia; Santos, Nicole; Corbit, Kevin C.; Scherz, Paul J.; Trinh, Le A.; Salvenmoser, Willi; Huisken, Jan; Reiter, Jeremy F.; Stainier, Didier Y.R. (2009): The Extracellular Domain of Smoothened Regulates Ciliary Localization and Is Required for High-Level Hh Signaling.
In: CURRENT BIOLOGY 19/June 23, 1034 - 1039. (Weblink) - De Mulder, K.; Kuales, G.; Pfister, D.; Willems, M.; Egger, B.; Salvenmoser, W.; Thaler, M.; Gorny, A.; Hrouda, M.; Borgonie, G.; Ladurner, P. (2009): Characterization of the stem cell system of the acoel Isodiametra pulchra.
In: BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 9, 69. - De Mulder, K.; Pfister, D.; Kuales, G.; Egger, B.; Salvenmoser, W.; Willems, M.; Steger, J.; Fauster, K.; Micura, R.; Borgonie, G.; Ladurner, P. (2009): Stem cells are differentially regulated during development, regeneration and homeostasis in flatworms.
In: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 334, 198 - 212. - Egger, B.; Gschwentner, R.; Hess, M.W.; Nimeth, K.T.; Adamski, Z.; Willems, M.; Rieger, R.; Salvenmoser, W. (2009): The caudal regeneration blastema is an accumulation of rapidly proliferating stem cells in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
In: BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 9, 41. (Weblink) - Egger, B.; Steinke, D.; Tarui, H.; De Mulder, K.; Arendt, D.; Borgonie, G.; Funayama, N.; Gschwentner, R.; Hartenstein, V.; Hobmayer, B.; Hooge, M.; Hrouda, M.; Ishida, S.; Kobayashi, C.; Kuales, G.; Nishimura, O; Pfister, D.; Rieger, R.; Salvenmoser, W.; Smith III, J.; Technau, U.; Tyler, S.; Agata, K.; Salzburger, W.; Ladurner, P. (2009): To be or not to be a flatworm: The acoel controversy.
In: PLoS ONE 4/5, 5502. - Sekii, K.; Salvenmoser, W.; De Mulder, K.; Schärer, L.; Ladurner, P. (2009): Melav2, an elav-like gene, is essential for spermatid differentiation in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
In: BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 9, 62.
Proceedings Articles (Abstracts)
- De Mulder, K.; Moreno, E.; Egger, B.; Kuales, G.; Pfister, D.; Salvenmoser, W.; Martinez, P.; Borgonie, G.; Ladurner, P. (2009): Acoels share a stem cell system with rhabditophoran flatworms.
In: 11th International Symposium on Flatworm Biology, 26 - 30 July 2009, Diepenbeek, Belgium. Eigenverlag. - Salvenmoser, W.; Heiss, H.; Pfister, D.; De Mulder, K.; Kuales, G.; Ladurner, P. (2009): The gonads of Macrostomum lignano and their development.
In: 11th International Symposium on Flatworm Biology, 26 - 30 July 2009, Diepenbeek, Belgium. Eigenverlag.
Publications 2008
Contributions to Scientific Journals and Books
Contributions to Textbooks, Scientific
- Ladurner, P.; Egger, B.; De Mulder, K.; Pfister, D.; Kuales, G.; Salvenmoser, W.; Schärer, L. (2008): The stem cell system of the basal flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
In: Bosch, Thomas C. (Hrsg.): Stem cells: from Hydra to man. Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer, 75 - 94.
Publications 2007
Contributions to Scientific Journals and Books
Journal Articles (Original Paper)
- Gärber, C.; Salvenmoser, W.; Rieger, R.; Gschwentner, R. (2007): The nervous system of Convolutriloba (Acoela) and its patterning during regeneration after asexual reproduction.
In: ZOOMORPHOLOGY 126/2, 73 - 78. - Nimeth, KT.; Egger, B.; Rieger, R.; Salvenmoser, W.; Peter, R.; Gschwentner, R. (2007): Regeneration in Macrostomum lignano (Platyhelminthes) I: Cellular dynamics in the neoblast stem cell system.
In: CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 327/3, 637 - 646. (Weblink)
Proceedings Articles (Abstracts)
- Salvenmoser, W.; Rieger, G.; Oehm, J.; Jenewein, M.; De Mulder, K.; Pfister, D.; Egger, B.; Ladurner, P. (2007): New insights into the gonads of Macrostomum lignano.
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Macrostomum Meeting, Basel. Eigenverlag.
Publications 2006
Contributions to Scientific Journals and Books
Journal Articles (Original Paper)
- Bode, A.; Salvenmoser, W.; Nimeth, K.; Mahlknecht, M.; Adamski, Z.; Rieger, R.; Peter, R.; Ladurner, P. (2006): Immunogold Labeled S-Phase neoblasts, total neoblast number, their distribution and evidence for arrested neoblasts in Macrostomum lignano (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora).
In: CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 325/3, 577 - 587. (Weblink) - Föger, F.; Noonpakdee, W.; Loretz, B.; Joojuntr, S.; Salvenmoser, W.; Bernkop-Schnürch, A. (2006): Inhibition of malarial topoisomerase II in Plasmodium falciparum by antisense nanoparticles.
In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 319/1, 139 - 146.
Journal Articles (Meeting-Abstract)
- Gschwentner, R.; Gärber, C.; Botta, M.; Aigner, M.; Egger, B.; Achatz, J.; Salvenmoser, W.; Rieger, R. (2006): Regeneration capacity of acoels in the light of stem cell dynamics and blastema formation.
In: Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 16, 42.
Publications 2005
Contributions to Scientific Journals and Books
Journal Articles (Original Paper)
- Hofer, R.; Salvenmoser, W.; Fried, J. (2005): Population dynamics of Capriniana piscium (Ciliophora, Suctoria) on the gill surface of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from high mountain lakes.
In: ARCHIV FÜR HYDROBIOLOGIE 162/1, 99 - 109. - Ladurner, P.; Pfister, D.; Seifarth, C.; Schaerer, L.; Mahlknecht, M.; Salvenmoser, W.; Gerth, R.; Marx, F.; Rieger, R. (2005): Production and characterisation of cell- and tissue-specific monoclonal antibodies for the flatworm Macrostomum sp.
In: HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY 123/1, 89 - 104. - Ladurner, P.; Schärer, L.; Salvenmoser, W.; Rieger, R. (2005): A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha).
In: JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH 43/2, 114 - 126. - MARX, F.; SALVENMOSER, W.; KAISERER, L.; GRAESSLE, S.; WEILER-GORZ, R.; ZADRA, I.; OBERPARLEITER, C. (2005): Proper Folding of the Antifungal Protein Paf Is Required for Optimal Activity.
In: Research in Microbiology 156/1, 35 - 46. - THEIS, T.; MARX, F.; SALVENMOSER, W.; STAHL, U.; MEYER, V. (2005): New Insights Into the Target Site and Mode of Action of the Antifungal Protein of Aspergillus giganteus.
In: Research in Microbiology 156/1, 47 - 56.
Journal Articles (Meeting-Abstract)
- Adamski, Z.; Salvenmoser, W.; Egger, B.; Ziemnicki, K.; Ladurner, P.; Rieger, R. (2005): Stem cells of Macrostomum lignano (Phylum Platyhelminthes): an immunofluorescent and transmission electron microscopy study.
In: FOLIA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOBIOLOGICA 43/Suppl 1,37, 37. - Aigner, M.; Botta, M.; Sandbichler, A.; Salvenmoser, W.; Egger, B.; Rieger, R.; Gschwentner, R. (2005): Development of a basal medium for primary cell culture of marine flatworms.
In: Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 16, 20. - Botta, M.; Aigner, M.; Egger, B.; Thaler, M.; Salvenmoser, W.; Rieger, R.; Gschwentner, R. (2005): Characterisation of the regeneration blastema of Isodiametra pulchra (Acoela).
In: Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 16, 29. - Egger, B.; Salvenmoser, W.; Nimeth, K.; Adamski, Z.; Ladurner, P.; Rieger, R. (2005): Role and dynamics of stem cells during regeneration in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
In: FOLIA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOBIOLOGICA 43, 40. - Salvenmoser, W.; Egger, B.; Gschwentner, R.; Rieger, R. (2005): Regeneration in Macrostomum lignano.
In: Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 16, 82.
Proceedings Articles (Abstracts)
- Gschwentner, R.; Egger, B.; Nimeth, K.; Gärber, C.; Achatz, J.; Ladurner, P.; Philipp, I.; Aufschnaiter, R.; Salvenmoser, W.; Rieger, R. (2005): Regeneration and Blastema Formation in Flatworms.
In: Pulfer, K. et. al. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Microscopy Conference 2005, Davos, Switzerland, 28. August - 2. September. Villigen: Paul Scherrer Institut (= PSI Proceedings, 05-01), 191. - Ladurner, P.; Pfister, D.; Kuales, G.; Gschwentner, R.; Nimeth, K.; Egger, B.; Adamski, Z.; Salvenmoser, W.; Rieger, R. (2005): Characterization of the totipotent stem cell system of the flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
In: Pulfer, K. et. al. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Microscopy Conference 2005, Davos, Switzerland, 28. August - 2. September. Villigen: Paul Scherrer Institut (= PSI Proceedings, 05-01), 194. - Nimeth, K.; Egger, B.; Gschwentner, R.; Salvenmoser, W.; Hrouda, M.; Rostek, U.; Gleirscher, M.; Pfister, D.; Kuales, G.; Ladurner, P.; Rieger, R. (2005): Regeneration and cellular dynamics in the basal bilaterian Macrostomum lignano.
In: Pulfer, K. et. al. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Microscopy Conference 2005, Davos, Switzerland, 28. August - 2. September. Villigen: Paul Scherrer Institut (= PSI Proceedings, 05-01), 196. - Salvenmoser, W.; Egger, B.; Nimeth, K.; Adamski, Z.; Bode, A.; Ladurner, P.; Rieger, R. (2005): Role of stem cells in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano as shown by immunogold labeling of S-phase neoblasts.
In: Pulfer, K. et. al. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Microscopy Conference 2005, Davos, Switzerland, 28. August - 2. September. Villigen: Paul Scherrer Institut (= PSI Proceedings, 05-01), 198.
Publications 2003
Contributions to Scientific Journals and Books
Journal Articles (Original Paper)
- BERNHARD, D.; PFISTER, G.; HUCK, CW.; KIND, M.; SALVENMOSER, W.; BONN, GK.; WICK, G. (2003): Disruption Of Vascular Endothelial Homeostasis By Tobacco Smoke - Impact On Atherosclerosis.
In: FASEB JOURNAL 17, U42 - U62. - HOFER, R.; SALVENMOSER, W.; SCHIEMER, F. (2003): Regulation Of Diurnal Filter Feeding By A Novel Gill Structure In Amblypharyngodon Melettinus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae).
In: ZOOMORPHOLOGY 122, 113 - 118.
Journal Articles (Meeting-Abstract)
- Gschwentner, R.; Ladurner, P.; Nimeth, K.; Salvenmoser, W.; Pfister, D.; Egger, B.; Rieger, RM. (2003): Distribution Of S-Phase Neoblasts In Free-Living Plathelminthes.
In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 82, 37 - 38. - Gschwentner, R.; Ladurner, P.; Nimeth, K.T.; Salvenmoser, W.; Pfister, D.; Egger, B.; Rieger, R.M. (2003): Patterns of stem cells in different taxa of free-living Platyhelminthes: A Comparative Approach.
In: Journal of Applied Biomedicine Supplement 1, 9. - SALVENMOSER, W.; GLUCKERT, R.; HOHENSTEIN, K.; KOPPELSTATTER, A.; REMAIS, D.; SEIFERT, M.; SEIFARTH, C.; RIEGER, RM. (2003): Distinguishing Stem Cells In Regenerating Macrostomum Sp With Immunohistochemistry And Electron Microscopy.
In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 82, 43 - 44.
Publications 2001
Contributions to Scientific Journals and Books
Journal Articles (Review)
- ROMANI, N.; RATZINGER, G.; PFALLER, K.; SALVENMOSER, W.; STOSSEL, H.; KOCH, F.; STOITZNER, P. (2001): Migration Of Dendritic Cells Into Lymphatics - The Langerhans Cell Example - Routes, Regulation, And Relevance.
In: INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY-A SURVEY OF CELL BIOLOGY 207, 237.
Selected previous Publications
- Nimeth,K., Ladurner,P., Gschwentner,R., Salvenmoser,W., and Rieger,R. (2002). Cell renewal and apoptosis in Macrostomum sp [Lignano].
In: Cell Biology International 26, 801-815. - Zwerger,P., Nimeth,K., Wurtz,J., Salvenmoser,W., and Pelster,B. (2002). Development of the swimbladder in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).
In: Cell and Tissue Research 307, 155-164. - Salvenmoser,W., Riedl,D., Ladurner,P., and Rieger,R. (2001). Early steps in the regeneration of the musculature in Macrostomum sp (Macrostomorpha).
In: Belgian Journal of Zoology 131, 105-109. - Sterrer,W., Salvenmoser,W., and Rieger,R.M. (2001). Ultrastructure of Gnathostomaria lutheri Ax (Gnathostomulida : Scleroperalia). I. An hypothesis about the origin of micropodia in scleroperalian sperm.
In: Marine Ecology-Pubblicazioni Della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I 22, 3-11. - Sopott-Ehlers,B., Salvenmoser,W., Reiter,D., Rieger,R., and Ehlers,U. (2001). Photoreceptors in species of the Macrostomida (Plathelminthes): ultrastructural findings and phylogenetic implications.
In: Zoomorphology 121, 1-12. - Romani,N., Ratzinger,G., Pfaller,K., Salvenmoser,W., Stossel,H., Koch,F., and Stoitzner,P. (2001). Migration of dendritic cells into lymphatics - The Langerhans cell example: Routes, regulation, and relevance.
In: International Review of Cytology - A Survey of Cell Biology, Vol 207 207, 237-+. - Prem,C., Salvenmoser,W., Wurtz,J., and Pelster,B. (2000). Swim bladder gas gland cells produce surfactant: in vivo and in culture. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative
In: Physiology 279, R2336-R2343. - Nimeth,K., Zwerger,P., Wurtz,J., Salvenmoser,W., and Pelster,B. (2000). Infection of the glass-eel swimbladder with the nematode Anguillicola crassus.
In: Parasitology 121, 75-83. - Gschwentner,R., Ladurner,P., Salvenmoser,W., Rieger,R., and Tyler,S. (1999). Fine structure and evolutionary significance of sagittocysts of Convolutriloba longifissura (Acoela, Platyhelminthes).
In: Invertebrate Biology 118, 332-345. - Rieger,R.M., Legniti,A., Ladurner,P., Reiter,D., Asch,E., Salvenmoser,W., Schurmann,W., and Peter,R. (1999). Ultrastructure of neoblasts in microturbellaria: significance for understanding stem cells in free-living Platyhelminthes.
In: Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 35, 127-140. - Eberl,T., Salvenmoser,W., Rieger,G., Gorny,I., Heiss,V., Kumpitsch,B., Gnaiger,E., and Margreiter,R. (1999). Ultrastructural analysis of human endothelial cells after hypothermic storage in organ preservation solutions.
In: Journal of Surgical Research 82, 253-260. - Wanninger,A., Ruthensteiner,B., Lobenwein,S., Salvenmoser,W., Dictus,W.J.A.G., and Haszprunar,G. (1999). Development of the musculature in the limpet Patella (Mollusca, Patellogastropoda).
In: Development Genes and Evolution 209, 226-238. - Wurtz,J., Salvenmoser,W., and Pelster,B. (1999). Localization of carbonic anhydrase in swimbladder of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and perch (Perca fluviatilis).
In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 165, 219-224. - Strasser,H., Berjukow,S., Hering,S., Corvin,S., Salvenmoser,W., Hohlbrugger,G., and Bartsch,B. (1998). Evidence for different types of voltage dependent calcium channels in rhabdosphincter cells.
In: Journal of Urology 159, 25. - Ladurner,P., Mair,G.R., Reiter,D., Salvenmoser,W., and Rieger,R.M. (1997). Serotonergic nervous system of two macrostomid species: Recent or ancient divergence?
In: Invertebrate Biology 116, 178-191. - WalterscheidMuller,U., Braun,S., Salvenmoser,W., Meffert,G., Dapunt,O., Gnaiger,E., Zierz,S., Margreiter,R., and Wyss,M. (1997). Purification and characterization of human sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase.
In: Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 29, 921-927. - Reindl,S., Salvenmoser,W., and Haszprunar,G. (1997). Fine structural and immunocytochemical studies on the eyeless aesthetes of Leptochiton algesirensis, with comparison to Leptochiton cancellatus (Mollusca, Polyplacophora).
In: Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology 29, 135-151. - Eberl,T., Steinlechner,R., Hengster,P., Herold,M., Schrocksnadel,H., Salvenmoser,W., Rhomberg,M., Gnaiger,E., and Margreiter,R. (1996). Assessment of endothelial preservation in human cell cultures.
In: Annals of Thoracic Surgery 62, 526-532. - Reiter,D., Boyer,B., Ladurner,P., Mair,G., Salvenmoser,W., and Rieger,R. (1996). Differentiation of the body wall musculature in Macrostomum hystricinum marinum and Hoploplana inquilina (Plathelminthes), as models for muscle development in lower Spiralia.
In: Rouxs Archives of Developmental Biology 205, 410-423. - Sommaruga,R., Krossbacher,M., Salvenmoser,W., Catalan,J., and Psenner,R. (1995). Presence of large virus-like particles in a eutrophic reservoir.
In: Aquatic Microbial Ecology 9, 305-308. - Reindl,S., Salvenmoser,W., and Haszprunar,G. (1995). Fine-Structural and Immunocytochemical Investigations of the Ceca of Argyrotheca-Cordata and Argyrotheca-Cuneata (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida, Terebratellacea).
In: Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology 27, 543-556. - Rieger,R.M., Salvenmoser,W., Legniti,A., and Tyler,S. (1994). Phalloidin-Rhodamine Preparations of Macrostomum-Hystricinum Marinum (Plathelminthes) - Morphology and Postembryonic Development of the Musculature.
In: Zoomorphology 114, 133-147. - Penninger,J., Rieker,T., Romani,N., Klima,J., Salvenmoser,W., Dietrich,H., Stossel,H., and Wick,G. (1994). Ultrastructural Analysis of Thymic Nurse Cell Epithelium.
In: European Journal of Immunology 24, 222-228. - Bucher,F., Hofer,R., and Salvenmoser,W. (1992). Effects of Treated Paper-Mill Effluents on Hepatic Morphology in Male Bullhead (Cottus-Gobio L).
In: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 23, 410-419. - Rieger,R., Salvenmoser,W., Legniti,A., Reindl,S., Adam,H., Simonsberger,P., and Tyler,S. (1991). Organization and Differentiation of the Body-Wall Musculature in Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Macrostomidae).
In: Hydrobiologia 227, 119-129. - Rieger,R.M. and Salvenmoser,W. (1991). Demonstration of the Muscle-System in Whole Mounts of Macrostomum-Hystricinum (Turbellaria, Macrostomida).
In: American Zoologist 31, A25. - Gnaiger,E., Ortner,M., Rieger,G.E., and Salvenmoser,W. (1987). Aerobic and Anoxic Metabolism in Salmonid Embryos - Microcalorimetry, Respirometry, and Mitochondrial Changes.
In: American Zoologist 27, A31. - Klima,J. and Salvenmoser,W. (1987). Use of Relaxing Agents Before Fixation of Fresh-Water Invertebrates.
In: American Zoologist 27, A38. - Klima,J. and Salvenmoser,W. (1987). Use of Relaxing Agents to Improve Chemical Fixation.
In: European Journal of Cell Biology 43, 18.






