September 1, 2012–present: Senior scientist at the Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee of the University of Innsbruck and Honorary research fellow at the University of Sheffield (Sheffield, UK)
2008–August 31, 2012: Senior scientist at the Institute for Limnology in Mondsee, Austrian Academy of Sciences and Honorary research fellow at the University of Sheffield (Sheffield, UK)
(2010–2011): maternal leave
2006–2007: Marie Curie Postdoctoral Research Fellow , Institute for Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield (Sheffield, UK ) ·
2005–2006: Marie Curie Postdoctoral Research Fellow , Institute of Freshwater Biology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Brussels, Belgium)
2001–2004: Postdoctoral Fellowship of the German Research Foundation (Co-PI with M Schartl) at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg (Würzburg, Germany)
1997–2001: PhDthesis at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg (Würzburg, Germany)
1995–1996: Master thesis at the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology Seewiesen (Seewiesen, Germany)
The paradox of sex remains the queen of problems in evolutionary biology.
Sexual reproduction is widespread throughout the animal and plant kingdoms, but undercertain conditions remain costly compared to asexual reproduction. Sex creates a wide variety of genotypes on which natural selection can act, but it also breaks up favourable gene combinations. Asexuals have the ability to preserve their genome and to propagate genotypes that have a previous history of success.
In addition, asexuals can reproduce twice as fast as sexuals, because all, rather than half, of their offspring are themselves capable of reproduction. Although asexual reproduction offers several clear short-term advantages, ruling evolutionary theory dictates that the absence of a mechanism for rapid genetic change will direct clones persisting over long time frames into evolutionary dead ends. Several animal and plant groups nevertheless show a large incidence of asexual reproduction and some lineages might have been fully asexual for many millions of years.
Patterns of genome rediploidization in neopolyploids of cobitids, botids, and cyprinids (CYPREDIPL) (2024) MERIT,(Lamatsch, Joint project with Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS, Libechov, K. Janko, V. Trifonov)
Fishes of the genus Carassius as a unique evolutionary model in relation to biological invasion and interaction with native endangered species, FWF Austrian Science Fund/GACR Czech Science Foundation (2024-2026)(Lamatsch, in co-operation with L. Kalous, Prague University)
Genomik und Geschlechtsbestimmung bei polyploiden Fischen, Universiy of Wuhan, P.R. China (Jan 2024-Dez 2026)(Lamatsch, Ding)
Bestimmung des DNA-Gehaltes durch Flow-Zytometrie" (University of Würzburg, cooperation with Prof. M. Schartl) (2022-2025) (Lamatsch)
De novo whole genome sequencing of the invasive asexual Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) and its threatened native European relative, C. carassius - EASI Genomics(Jul 2020 - Jan 2023)
Publication:
Kuhl H., Du K., Schartl M., Kalous L., Stöck M., Lamatsch D.K. (2022). Equilibrated evolution of the mixed auto-/allopolyploid haplotype-resolved genome of the invasive hexaploid Prussian carp. Nat Commun 13: 4092 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31515-w
Vogt R., Hartmann S., Kunze J., Jupke J.F., Steinhoff B., Schönherr H., Kuhnert K.-D., Witte K., Lamatsch D. K., Wanzenböck J. (2022). Silver nanoparticles adversely affect the swimming behavior of European Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) larvae within the low µg/L range, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 85:21, 867-880. doi. 10.1080/15287394.2022.2102099 Vogt R., Steinhoff B., Mozhayeva D., Vogt E., Metreveli G., Schönherr H., Engelhard C., Wanzenböck J., Lamatsch D.K. (2022). Incubation media modify silver nanoparticle toxicity for whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) embryos, Toxicology & Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues, 85(4): 143-162 doi:10.1080/15287394.2021.1988014
Vogt R., Mozhayeva D., Steinhoff B., Schardt A., Spelz B. T. F., Philippe A., Kurtz S., Schaumann G. E., Engelhard C., Schönherr C., Lamatsch D.K., Wanzenböck, J. (2019). Spatiotemporal distribution of silver and silver-containing nanoparticles in a prealpine lake in relation to the discharge from a wastewater treatment plant, Science of the Total Environment 696: 134034
Hartmann S., Vogt R., Kunze J., Rauschert A., Kuhnert K.- D., Wanzenböck J., Lamatsch D.K., Witte, K. (2018): Zebrafish larvae show negative phototaxis to near-infrared light. PLOSone 13(11): e0207264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207264
Gynogenesis as a dispersal strategy (Funds of the EAWAG, PI with Dr. Jukka Jokela, EAWAG Zürich, Switzerland, Dr. Jouni Taskinen & Manuel Deinhard, University of Jyväskylä, Finland)
The Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio, was introduced to Europe from East Asia, probably as a triploid all-female gynogenetic lineage whose clonal reproduction relies on sperm from related species inducing the asexual egg development. Since its introduction, the Prussian carp invaded most of European fresh water systems and started developing diploid and tetraploid forms, males and sexual modes of reproduction. The mechanism of the observed changes is not well understood. Distribution patterns suggest that the Prussian carp is invasive and displaces its sexual sperm-donor, the European crucian carp (C. carassius).
We investigate the parasite community, ploidy and genetic structure of several European populations of successfully spreading gynogenetic Prussian carp, as well as of their sperm donor, the indigenous Crucian carp. Crossing experiments will give insights into the mechanism of gynogenesis.
Gynogenetic Prussian carp (photo: Jussi Pennanen)Flow cytometric measurement of genome size
"Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in (invasive) Mosquito fishes"
Mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis
With an alarming decline in biodiversity, conservation biologists have been facing two pressing tasks: 1) protecting and recovering the populations of endangered species, and 2) controlling invasive pest species which threaten native biota. These two tasks usually require different theoretical and/or methodological frameworks.
Recently, the introduction of individuals, carrying ‘Trojan’ sex chromosomes (i.e. hormone-treated individuals whose sex has been reversed from their genotype), into wild populations has been proposed as a potential way of not only exterminating invasive pest species but also of saving endangered species. However, the ecology of individuals carrying Trojan sex chromosomes (i.e. sex-reversed individuals) and their offspring is virtually unknown. Thus, empirical work on the use of Trojan sex chromosomes is urgently required.
We will conduct the first comprehensive investigation quantifying the fitness of sex-reversed individuals and their offspring, using an invasive fish species. We will use three different approaches: morphological, endocrinological and behavioural measurements. This work will extend our knowledge of the intricate relationships among genes, hormones and phenotypic characters. Importantly, it will explore the feasibility of introducing Trojan individuals into wild populations for conservation proposes. Therefore, our project will ensure that New Zealand remains a front runner in the field of conservation biology.
Workshop on “Flow Cytometry” (Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Duebendorf/Switzerland)
2006
Workshop on “Basic molecular laboratory & population genetics techniques” (Lecture with exercises) (Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK)
2001-2004
“Biochemistry for medical students” (lecture with exercises) (Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg, Germany)
Prüfer für den mündlichen Teil der Ärztlichen Vorprüfung (Biochemie)
1997-2001
“Biochemistry for medical students” (experimental laboratory course) (Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg, Germany)
Da Cruz I., Lamatsch D.K., Rice E., Nanda I., Trifonov V.A., Warren W., Schartl M. (2023). The microchromosome of the Amazon Molly: a nascent B chromosome? Meeting Abstracts from the 5th B Chromosome Conference. BMC Proc 17(20): S1-O2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12919-023-00284-9
Trifonov V.A., Lamatsch D.K., Makunin A.I. (2023). B chromosomes and extrachromosomal DNA, Meeting Abstracts from the 5th B Chromosome Conference. BMC Proc 17(20): S4-O1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12919-023-00284-9
Müller S., Du K., Guiguen Y., Pichler M., Nakagawa S., Stöck M., Schartl M., Lamatsch D.K. (2023). Massive expansion of sex–specific SNPs, transposon related elements, and neocentromere formation shape the young W-chromosome from the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. BMC BIOLOGY 21: 109, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-023-01607-0
Meirmans S., Lamatsch D.K., Neiman M. (2022). Sticky steps and the gender gap: how thoughtful practices could help keep caregivers in science. Proc. R. Soc. B 289: 20221837. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.1837
Vogt R., Hartmann S., Kunze J., Jupke J.F., Steinhoff B., Schönherr H., Kuhnert K.-D., Witte K., Lamatsch D. K., Wanzenböck J. (2022). Silver nanoparticles adversely affect the swimming behavior of European Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) larvae within the low µg/L range, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 85(21): 867-880 doi. 10.1080/15287394.2022.2102099
Kuhl H., Du K., Schartl M., Kalous L., Stöck M., Lamatsch D.K. (2022). Equilibrated evolution of the mixed auto-/allopolyploid haplotype-resolved genome of the invasive hexaploid Prussian carp. Nat Commun 13: 4092 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31515-w
Vogt R., Steinhoff B., Mozhayeva D., Vogt E., Metreveli G., Schönherr H., Engelhard C., Wanzenböck J., Lamatsch D.K. (2022). Incubation media modify silver nanoparticle toxicity for whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) embryos, Toxicology & Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues, 85(4): 143-162 doi:10.1080/15287394.2021.1988014
2021
Lehmann R., Kovařík A., Ocalewicz K., Kirtiklis L., Zuccolo A., Tegner J.N., Wanzenböck J., Bernatchez L., Lamatsch D.K., Symonová R. (2021). DNA transposon expansion is associated with genome size increase in mudminnows, Genome Biology and Evolution, evab228 doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab228
Wanzenböck J., Hopfinger M., Wanzenböck S., Fuxjäger L., Rund H., Lamatsch D.K. (2021). First successful hybridization experiment between native European weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis) and non-native Oriental weatherfish (M. anguillicaudatus) reveals no evidence for postzygotic barriers, NeoBiota 69: 29–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.69.67708
Stöck M., Dedukh D., Reifova R., Lamatsch D.K., Starostova Z., Janko K. (2021). Sex chromosomes in meiotic, hemiclonal, clonal and polyploid hybrids: along the ‘extended speciation continuum’ Philosophical Transactions Royal Society B, B 376: 20200103, themed issue “Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates, Kratochvíl L, Stöck M, guest editors) doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0103
McElroy K.E., Müller S., Lamatsch D., Bankers L., Fields P.D., Jalinsky J.R., Sharbrough J., Boore J.L., Logsdon J.M.Jr., Neiman M. (2021). Asexuality associated with marked genomic expansion of tandemly repeated rRNA and histone genes. Molecular Biology & Evolution 38(9):3581-3592. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab121
Kuhl H., Guigen Y., Höhne C., Kreuz E., Du K., Klopp C., Lopez-Roques C., Yebra-Pimentel E.S., Ciorpac M., Gessner J., Holostenco D., Kleiner W., Kohlmann K., Lamatsch D.K., Prokopov D., Bestin A., Bonpunt E., Debeuf B., Haffray P., Morvezen R., Patrice P., Suciu R., Dirks R., Wuertz S., Kloas W., Schartl M., Stöck M. (2021). A 180 Myr-old female-specific genome region in sturgeon reveals the oldest known vertebrate sex determining system with undifferentiated sex chromosomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200089. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0089
2020
Kottler V.A., Feron R., Nanda I., Klopp C., Du K., Kneitz S., Helmprobst F., Lamatsch D.K., Lopez-Roques C., Lluch J., Journot L., Parrinello H., Guiguen Y., Schartl M. (2020). Independent Origin of XY and ZW Sex Determination Mechanisms in Mosquitofish Sister Species, Genetics214/1: 193-209https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302698
2019
Vogt R., Mozhayeva D., Steinhoff B., Schardt A., Spelz B. T. F., Philippe A., Kurtz S., Schaumann G. E., Engelhard C., Schönherr C., Lamatsch D.K., Wanzenböck, J. (2019). Spatiotemporal distribution of silver and silver-containing nanoparticles in a prealpine lake in relation to the discharge from a wastewater treatment plant, Science of the Total Environment 696: 134034, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134034
2018
Hartmann S., Vogt R., Kunze J., Rauschert A., Kuhnert K.- D., Wanzenböck J., Lamatsch D.K., Witte, K. (2018): Zebrafish larvae show negative phototaxis to near-infrared light. PLOSone 13(11): e0207264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207264
Symonova R., Vrobová I., Lamatsch D.K., Paar J., Matzke-Karas R., Schmit O., Martens K., Müller S. (2018). Karyotype Variability and Inter-Population Genomic Differences in Freshwater Ostracods (Crustacea) Showing Geographical Parthenogenesis. Genes 9(3), 150.
2016
Senior A.M., Lim J.N., Adolfsson S., Lamatsch D.K., Nakagawa S. (2016). Condition and reproductive investment in the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): little evidence for condition-dependent sex biased investment. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 119: 430-435 DOI: 10.1111/bij.12813
2015
Lamatsch D.K., Adolfsson S., Senior A.M., Christiansen G., Pichler M., Ozaki Y., Smeds L., SchartlM., Nakagawa S. (2015).Atranscriptome derived sex –specific markerin the invasive Western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. PLoSOne 2015 Feb 23;10(2):e0118214. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118214.
2014
Schlupp I., Lamatsch D.K., Teege K., Parzefall J. (2014): Food finding ability in several molly species (Poeciliaspp.), including the unisexual Amazon molly. Bulletin of Fish Biology 14 (in press).
2013
Schmit O., Bode S.N.S., Camacho A., Horne D.J., Lamatsch D.K., Martens K., Martins M.J., Namiotko T., Rossetti G., Rueda-Sevilla J., Schön I., Vandekerkhove J., Mesquita-Joanes F. (2013). Linking present environment and reproductive modes segregation (Geographic Parthenogenesis) in Eucypris virens (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Journal of Biogeography 40:2396–2408
Stöck M., Lamatsch D.K. (2013). Why Comparing Polyploidy Research in Animals and Plants. Cytogenet Genome Res 140:75-78 DOI: 10.1159/000353304
Book: Trends in Polyploidy Research in Animals and Plants (M. Stöck, DK Lamatsch, eds.) (2013). Cytogenetic and Genome Research themed issue 140 (2-4) 2013
Rylková K., Kalous L., Bohlen J., Lamatsch D.K., Petrtýl M. (2013). Phylogeny and biogeographic history of the cyprinid fish genus Carassius (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) with focus on natural and anthropogenic arrivals in Europe. Aquaculture 380-383: 13-20.
2011
Adolfsson S., Lamatsch D.K., Paczesniak D., Michalakis Y., Martens K., Schön I., Butlin R. K., Jokela J. (2011). Mitochondrial cluster-specific genome size variability among sexual and asexual lineages of the ostracod Eucypris virens species group. Joannea Geol. Paläont. 11: 9-12
Lamatsch D.K., Trifonov V., Schories S., Epplen J.T., Schmid M., Schartl M. (2011). Isolation of a cancer-associated microchromosome in the sperm-dependent parthenogen Poecilia formosa. Cytogenetics and Genome Research doi: 10.1159/000331271
Bruvo R., Adolfsson S., Symonova R., Lamatsch D.K., Schön I., Jokela J., Butlin R.K., Müller, S. (2011). Few parasites, and no evidence for Wolbachia infections in a freshwater ostracod inhabiting temporary ponds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 102: 208–216. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01556.xPDF
Adolfsson S., Michalakis Y., Paczesniak D., Bode S.N.S., Butlin R.K., Lamatsch D.K., Martins M.J.F., Schmit O., Vandekerkhove J., Jokela J. (2010). Evaluation of elevated ploidy and asexual reproduction as alternative explanations for geographic parthenogenesis in Eucypris virens ostracods. Evolution. 64: 986-997. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00872.xPDF
Bode S.N.S., Adolfsson S., Lamatsch D.K., Martins M.J.F., Schmit O., Vandekerkhove J., Mezquita F., Namiotko T., Rossetti G., Schön I., Butlin R.K., Martens K. (2010): Exceptional cryptic diversity and multiple origins of parthenogenesis in a freshwater ostracod. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54: 542–552. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.022PDF
Lamatsch D.K. , Stöck M., Fuchs R., Döbler M., Wacker R., Parzefall J., Schlupp I., Schartl M. (2010). Morphology, testes development and behaviour of unusual triploid males in microchromosome-carrying clones of Poecilia formosa. Journal of Fish Biology 77: 1459–1487. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02766.xAbstract
Sandberger L., Feldhaar H., Lampert K.P., Lamatsch D.K., Rodel M.O. (2010). Small, specialised and highly mobile? The tree-hole breeding frog, Phrynobatrachus guineensis, lacks fine-scale population structure. African Journal of Herpetology 59: 79-94. doi: 10.1080/04416651003788619PDF
2009
Lamatsch D.K., Stöck M. (2009). Sperm-dependent parthenogenesis and hybridogenesis in teleost fishes. In: Lost sex! The Evolutionary Biology of Parthenogenesis (eds. I. Schön, K. Martens & P. Van Dijk), pp. 399-432 Springer, Dordrecht. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-2770-2_19Abstract
2008
Schön I., Lamatsch D.K., Martens K. (2008). Lessons to Learn from Ancient Asexuals. In: Genome Dynamics & Stability, Vol. 3 (eds. D. Lankenau & R. Egel) Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. Link
Lamatsch D.K., Fischer P., Geiger M., Lampert K.P., Schlupp I., Schartl M. (2008). Diploid Amazon mollies (P. formosa) show a higher fitness than triploids in clonal competition experiments. Evolutionary Ecology 23: 687-697. doi:10.1007/s10682-008-9264-2
Loewe L., Lamatsch, D.K. (2008). Muller´s ratchet may threaten the Amazon molly and other ancient asexuals. BMC Evolutionary biology 8: 88-108. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-88
Lamatsch, D.K., Lampert, K.P., Fischer, P., Schartl, M. (2008). A tetraploid Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa. Journal of Heredity 99: 223-226.. doi:10.1093/jhered/esm102
2007
Lamatsch D.K., Lampert K.P., Fischer P., Epplen J.T., Nanda I., Schmid M., Schartl M. (2007). Automictic reproduction in interspecific hybrids of poeciliid fish, Current Biology 17: 1948-1953. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.064
Nanda I., Schlupp I., Lamatsch D.K., Lampert K.P., Schmid M., Schartl M. (2007). Stable inheritance of host species-derived microchromosomes in the gynogenetic fish, Poecilia formosa. Genetics 177: 917-926. doi:10.1534/genetics.107.076893
Schories S., Lampert P., Lamatsch D.K., García de León F.J., Schartl M. (2007). Analysis of a possible independent origin of triploid P. formosa outside of the Río Purificación river system. Frontiers in Zoology 4: 13. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-4-13
Janko K., Bohlen J., Lamatsch D.K., Flajshans M., Epplen J.T., Rab P., Kotlik P., Slechtova V. (2007). The gynogenetic reproduction of diploid and triploid hybrid spined loaches (Cobitis: Teleostei), and their ability to establish successful clonal lineages-on the evolution of polyploidy in asexual vertebrates. GENETICA 13: 185-194. doi:10.1007/s10709-006-9130-5
2006
Sirviö A., Gadau J., Rueppell O., Lamatsch D.K., Boomsma J.J., Pamilo P., Page R.E. Jr. (2006). High recombination frequency creates genotypic diversity in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior. JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 19: 1475-1485. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01131.x
Lampert K.P., Lamatsch D.K., Schories S., Hopf A., Garcia de Leon F.J., Schartl M. (2006). Microsatellites for the gynogenetic Amazon molly, P. formosa: useful tools for detection of mutation rate, ploidy determination and overall genetic diversity. JOURNAL OF GENETICS 85: 67-71. PDF
2005
Stöck M., Steinlein C., Lamatsch D.K., Schartl M., Schmid M. (2005). Multiple origin of tetraploid taxa in the Eurasian Bufo viridis subgroup. GENETICA 124: 255-272. PDF
Lamatsch D.K., Lampert K.P., Epplen J.T., Schartl M. (2005). Evidence for a monophyletic origin of the triploid clones of the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa.EVOLUTION 59: 881–889. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01761.x
2004
Lamatsch D.K., Nanda I., Schlupp I., Epplen J.T., Schmid M., Schartl M. (2004). Distribution and stability of supernumerary microchromosomes in natural populations of the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa. CYTOGENETICS AND GENOME RESEARCH 106: 189-194. doi: 10.1159/000079286
2003
Ziegler C., Lamatsch D.K., Schartl M., Schmid M. (2003). The giant B chromosomes of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a specific retrotransposon repetitive sequence. Chromosome Res 11:23-35.
2002
Stöck M., Lamatsch D.K. (2002). Triploide Wirbeltiere: Wege aus der Unfruchtbarkeit oder Eingeschlechtigkeit. Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 55 (7): 349-358.
Stöck M., Lamatsch D.K., Steinlein C., Epplen J.T., Grosse W.R., Hock R., Klapperstück T., Lampert K., Scheer U., Schmid M., Schartl, M. (2002). Discovery of a bisexually reproducing all-triploid vertebrate. Nature Genetics 30: 325-328. doi:10.1038/ng839, PDF
Lamatsch D.K., Schmid M., Schartl M. (2002). Somatic mosaic of the gynogenetic Amazon molly, P. formosa (Poeciliidae, Teleostei). Journal of Fish Biology 60: 1417-1422. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02436.x
2000
Lamatsch D.K., Nanda I., Epplen J.T., Schmid M., Schartl M. (2000). Unusual triploid males in a microchromosome carrying clone of the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 91: 148-156.
Lamatsch D.K., Steinlein C., Schmid M., Schartl M. (2000). Non-invasive determination of genome size and ploidy level in fishes by flow cytometry: detection of triploid Poecilia formosa. Cytometry 39: 91-95. Link
1998
Schlupp I., Nanda I., Döbler M., Lamatsch D.K., Epplen J.T., Parzefall J., Schmid M., Schartl M. (1998). Dispensable and indispensable genes in an ameiotic fish, the Amazon molly Poecilia formosa. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 80: 193-198.
Lamatsch D.K., Sharbel T.F., Martin R., Bock C. (1998). A drop technique for flatworm chromosome preparation for light microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Chromosome Research 6: 654-656. Link
